The Eurocopter Tiger stands as a testament to European engineering prowess in the realm of military aviation. A twin-engine attack helicopter with a four-blade rotor system, this formidable machine first graced the skies in 2003. Manufactured by Airbus Helicopters, which emerged from the merger of Aérospatiale’s and DASA’s helicopter divisions, the Eurocopter Tiger has been designated as the EC665. In various regions, it’s known by different names: “Tigre” in France and Spain, and simply “Tiger” in Germany.
Historical Development
The inception of the Eurocopter Tiger can be traced back to the Cold War era. Originally envisioned as an anti-tank helicopter to counter a potential Soviet ground invasion of Western Europe, its role evolved with the changing geopolitical landscape. The collapse of the Soviet Union shifted the European security paradigm, prompting France and Germany to repurpose the Tiger as a multirole attack helicopter. By 2008, the Tiger was fully operational.
One of the Tiger’s groundbreaking features is its all-composite construction, making it the first of its kind in Europe. Early models also boasted advanced features like a glass cockpit, stealth technology, and high agility, enhancing its survivability on the battlefield. Over the years, improved variants have been introduced, equipped with more potent engines and compatible with a broader range of weaponry. The Tiger’s combat prowess has been tested in various conflict zones, including Afghanistan, Libya, and Mali.
Design and Features
The Eurocopter Tiger is renowned for its versatility in combat missions. It can perform armed reconnaissance, anti-tank operations, close air support, and escort missions. Its design allows operations in diverse conditions, be it day or night, and even in post-nuclear, biological, or chemical warfare scenarios.
At the heart of the Tiger’s agility is its 13-meter four-bladed hingeless main rotor. This design allows the helicopter to execute full loops and negative g maneuvers. Powering the Tiger are two FADEC-controlled MTU Turbomeca Rolls-Royce MTR390 turboshaft engines.
Survivability and Protection
Stealth and agility are the cornerstones of the Tiger’s survivability. Its composite construction reduces radar, infrared, and acoustic signatures, making it less detectable to enemy forces. The fuselage is armored to withstand small arms fire and 23mm cannon rounds. Additionally, the Tiger is equipped with various radar/laser warning systems and missile approach detection systems, ensuring its resilience against threats.
Avionics and Armament
The Tiger’s avionics suite is state-of-the-art, featuring the EUROGRID battlefield management system, integrated communication systems, and a high-authority digital automatic flight control system. The mast-mounted Osiris sight/sensor is a pivotal component, providing targeting data and enabling passive target acquisition. The Tiger’s armament is diverse, ranging from rockets and cannons to a variety of air-to-air and air-to-surface missiles.
Operational History
The Eurocopter Tiger’s operational readiness was showcased in December 2008. By 2009, it was deployed in combat zones, with three French Tiger HAP helicopters stationed at Kabul International Airport in Afghanistan. They performed armed reconnaissance and fire support missions, bolstering coalition ground troops against the Taliban insurgency. The Tiger also saw action during the 2011 military intervention in Libya and the Northern Mali conflict in 2013.
Variants and Global Presence
The Eurocopter Tiger has multiple variants tailored to specific roles and requirements. The German Army uses the Tiger UHT (Unterstützungshubschrauber Tiger), a multi-role fire support helicopter. France, on the other hand, employs the Tiger HAP (Hélicoptère d’Appui Protection), designed for support and protection roles.
Over the years, the Tiger has garnered interest from various nations, including Australia, Spain, and Saudi Arabia. Its adaptability, advanced features, and combat success make it a sought-after asset in modern warfare.
A European Triumph
The Eurocopter Tiger epitomizes the evolution of attack helicopters in the 21st century. With its state-of-the-art design, versatile capabilities, and proven combat record, it remains a symbol of European military innovation and a testament to the collaborative spirit of nations working towards a common goal.